Introduction
PARS (Panel Study at the Research School ‚Education and Capabilities’ in North Rhine-Westphalia) is a longitudinal study in the German federal state (Land) North Rhine-Westphalia. The study is implemented by the Institute for School Development Research (IFS) as origin of empirical data for the Research School ‘Education and Capabilities’.
The objective of PARS is to gain information on the academic development of students in secondary school with respect to characteristics of personality, family and school.

